Lesson 49:The end of a dream
Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
tired adj. 厌烦的
real adj. 真正的
owner n. 主人
spring n. 弹簧
mattress n. 床垫
gust n. 一阵风
sweep v. 扫，刮
courtyard n. 院子
smash v. 碰碎，摔碎
miraculously adv. 奇迹般地
unhurt adj. 没受伤的
glance v. 扫视
promptly adv. 飞速地
参考译文
德黑兰的一个人青年因为对睡地板感到厌倦，于是积蓄多年买了一张真正的床。他平生首次自豪地拥有了一张既有弹簧又带床垫的床。因为天气非常热，他便把床搬到了他的屋顶上。头两天晚上，他睡得很好。但第三天晚上起了风暴。一阵大风把床从屋顶上刮了下来，把它摔碎在下面的院子里。那青年直到床撞到地上才醒了过来。尽管床摔成了碎片，但青年却奇迹地没受伤。他醒来时，仍然躺在床垫上。青年看了一眼周围的碎木片和碎金属片，伤心地捡起了床垫，把它拿进了屋。他把床垫往地板上一放，非常快又睡着了。
自学导读
1．Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. 德黑兰的一个青年因为对睡地板感到厌倦，于是积蓄多年买了一张真正的床。
（1）tired引导的分词短语省略了开头的being，其用途等于缘由状语从句：As he was tired of。sleeping为动名词，作介词of的宾语。
（2）save up为固定短语，表示储蓄、攒钱：
I want to get married in one or two years, so I'm trying to save(some money)up.
我想一两年之间内结婚，所以我在设法攒钱。
（3）to在这里用于表示目的，等于in order to：
I got up early to have a swim.
为了游泳我起了个大早。
2．he carried the bed on to the roof of his house．他便把床搬到了他的屋顶上。
介词onto可拼写成一个词，也可拼写成两个词（on to）。它用于表示动作方向而不需要于表示静态的地方（与into相似）：
I put the pen onto/ on the table.
我把笔放到桌子上。
The pen is on the table.
笔在桌子上。（不可用onto/ on to）onto/ on to有时可用on代替，但表示地方的on不可用onto代替：
Mr. Thompson jumped onto the stage.
汤普森先生跳上了台上。
Mr. Thompson jumped on the stage.
汤普森先生在台上跳了跳。
3．A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof一阵大风把床从屋顶上刮了下来
gust表示一阵强风、一阵狂风，既能够单独用，也可以用a gust of wind形式：
A gust(of wind) blew my hat off.
一阵大风吹掉了我的帽子。
She set off even though the wind was blowing in gusts.
虽然当时阵阵狂风吹着，她还是出发了。
4．The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.那青年直到床撞到地上才醒了过来。
notuntil表示直到才。until后面与表示某一点的时间状语连用。它前面没not时，与表示一段时间的持续动词连用；有not时，常用表示某一时间点的动词（或叫瞬间动词）连用：
I'll stay here until Monday.
我要在这儿呆到星期一。
I won't leave until Monday.
我要到星期一才离开。
5．to pieces, 粉碎地，成碎片地。
The cup was broken to pieces.
杯子摔成了碎片。
6．Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man
青年看了一眼周围的碎木片和碎金属片
（1）glancing为目前分词，它引导的短语等于一个时间状语从句：After he glanced at
（2）动词glance的主要含义为看一眼、扫视：
Ian glanced at his watch and left the room.
伊恩看了一眼手表，然后离开了房间。
Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me.
乔一边和我聊天，一边浏览报纸。
（3）that引导的关系从句修饰the bits of wood and metal, that在从句中作主语。
语法 Grammar in use
复合句的语序 (Word order in complex statements)
复合句的构成办法可以是把简单句连接在一块。但与并列句不同，它的每个组成部分并不是同等要紧，其中总有一个独立分句（或称主句）和一个或一个以上从属分句（或称从句），主句总是可以独立存在。复合句可用两种办法构成。一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来；二是用分词结构或不定式，它们构成复合句的一部分，由于它们可以用从句的形式表现出来。
（1）用连词连接的复合句
A 在复合句中，从句可以是名词从句（即取名字词有哪些用途）。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或be等系动词的表语，一般由that引导，有时也用what（疑问词引导的除外）：
I know(that)the meeting will be put off.
我了解会议将要推迟。（宾语）
That the meeting will be put off is now certain.
会议将被推迟现已确定无疑。（主语，that不可省略）
B 也可以是关系（或形容词）从句，关系代词一般有who, whom, that, which和whose。（cf．第28课语法）
C 也可以是状语（或副词）从句。时间状语从句一般回答When？形式的问题，并可以用下列从属连词来引导：when, after, before, as soon as, until, while, as, since等：
He has been ill since he came back from his holidays.
他自从休假回来就一直病着。
地址状语从句回答Where？形式的问题，可以由where, everywhere, anywhere等连词来引导：
With a special train ticket, you can travel anywhere/ everywhere you like in Europe for just over ￡ 100.
你如持有专票，仅花一百多一点英镑，就能到欧洲各地旅游。
方法状语从句回答How？形式的问题，可以由连词as或短语in the way(that)等引导。方法状语从句一般置于主句之后：
Type this again as／in the way(that) I showed you just now.
按我刚刚对你说的那样把这再打一遍。
方法状语从句在动词be, feel, seem, appear等后面也可以由连词as if和as though来引导：
It feels as if/ though it's going to rain.
这天气给人的感觉仿佛是就要下雨了。
缘由状语从句一般回答Why？形式的问题，可以由because, as 等引导：
He went to bed earlier than usual because he was tired.
他由于累了，所以睡觉比平常早。
As you can't go yourself, you'll have to ask Susan go to for you.
既然你一个人不可以去，那你就请苏珊替你去吧。
条件状语从句可由if及其他连词引导。（cf．第16课与第40课语法）让步状语从句使句子具备对比的原因，它们一般由连词although, though, even though, even if等引导：
He failed the exam, even though he studied hard.
虽然他学习非常努力，他考试还是没及格。
Although he studied hard, he failed the exam.
（译文同上）
目的状语从句可由so that, in order that等连词引导：
I arrived early so that/ in order that I could get the tickets.
我到得非常早，以便能买到票。
结果状语从句描述结果，可由so+形容词+that引导，也可由such(a)+（形容词）+名词+that来引导：
She was so angry that she left immediately.
她很生气，立刻就走了。
There was such a lot of rain that we couldn't go out.
下这么大的雨，大家都出不了门了。
比较状语从句结构包含as+形容词／副词+as, not so／asas，形容词／副词的比较级+than, morethan, lessthan 等：
He is as quick in answering as his sister(is).
他回答得和他妹妹／姐姐一样快。
He is not so/ as quick in answering as his sister(is).
他回答得不如他妹妹／姐姐那样快。
He moves more slowly than his sister(does).
他行动起来比他妹妹／姐姐慢。
（2）分词结构的复合句
A 用目前分词结构可以代替时间从句、缘由从句、关系从句等：
I got very angry speaking to them.
和他们谈话时我变得很生气。（时间）
Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.
我感觉非常累，所以睡得比平常早。（缘由）
The train arriving at 8 o'clock is from London.
8点钟到的这趟列车是从伦敦来的。（代替关系从句）
目前分词结构的这种使用方法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作假如发生在前，则分词结构要坐落于主语前；假如两个动作同时发生，那样分词结构既能够坐落于主句前，也可以坐落于主句后：
Finding the door unlocked, he went into the room.
他发现门没上锁，就走进房间。（有前后）
Working with them, I got very angry.
同他们一块工作时我非常生气。（同时）
分词结构坐落于主句前面时，要用逗号隔开。
B 过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，总是代替被动语态：
Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.
在一次事故中被撞坏后，那辆车现已修好。
（3）不定式结构的复合句
这种结构一般可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句：
To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.
要进入大学你需要通过一系列考试。
I borrowed some money to get a new car.
为了买辆新车，我借了些钱。
词语学习 Word stusdy
1．sweep vt.
（1）扫，打扫：
She sweeps the floor/ the room every morning.
她天天早上扫地／打扫房间。
The room is swept clean.
房间被打扫干净了。
（2）（风）吹，刮：
A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof.
一阵大风把床从屋顶上刮了下来。
The newspaper has been swept away by the wind.
报纸被风吹走了。
2．smash vt., vi.
（1）打碎，摔碎，（使）碎裂：
The bed was smashed to pieces.
床摔成了碎片。
The man smashed a window and got into the room.
那人打碎了一扇窗，然后进了房间。
The cup smashed on the floor.
杯子掉在地板上摔碎了。
（2）重击，殴打，猛砸／撞：
Why didn't you smash the man with your fist?
你为何不需要拳头狠狠揍那人一顿？
A car smashed into the wall.
一辆车撞到了墙上。
训练答案 Key to written exercises
1．重点句型训练答案
A to buy(1.2) ;which(1.3); Because(11.3|4); but(1.5); and(1.7); until(1.8); Although(1.8); When(1.9);that(1.10); and(1.10); After(1.11)
2．多项选择题答案
1 d 2 a 3b 4a 5b 6c
7 c 8 a 9 c 10 c 11a 12 a
课堂笔记
be tired of：对......感到厌倦
假如一个名词和一个代词分别做主句和从句地主语，能把事物说了解地名词
习惯放在主句做主语
用形容词短语直接做状语
tired of sleeping on the floor
Worried about my daughter，Lucy, she went to London to visit Lucy
i went home tired
i went home excited
for the first time in one's life平生首次
for the first two nights头两天晚上
i study hard for the first two three days
blow up风越刮越大
speak up大声点
below：直接放在被修饰词之后作定语
一个句子中不可以出现两个动词：
假如出现了两个动词，用and，but连接；或者把其中一个作为非谓语动词】
although：though
crash直接用主动形式，smash一般用作及物动词
glancing at＝be glancing
只有谓语动词才会把它变成集中时态
key structures
主语从句
what i say ...
宾语从句
i am sorry （that） i am late
定语从句
状语从句
缘由状语because，as，since
条件状语if，
时间状语until，after，before，as
结果状语
目的状语to
following his mom，he went there
followed by his mom，he went there
letter writing
写business letter，参照范文
multiple choice
3、|||||||the hot weather，...
because， as， for＋句子：不可以加词组
because the weather is hot...
5、How|||||...
how对形容词或者副词提问
how本题中，对程度副词提问
the tree is tall
how tall is the tree
he sang songs beautifully
how beautifully did he sing
6、where...?||||||
down在......下（向下）；go down，sit down
under prep. ＋宾语
7、...|||||||around him
...that lay around him定语从句
laying（lay） vt 放；lay the eff
lying（lie）vi lie in bed
laid（lay）vt
lie，lied，lied说谎
过去分词是非谓语动词，做定语时与被修饰词形成被动关系
8。...very|||||.
a gust of wind 一阵风
hard修饰动词，表示程度大
9....it |||||||the courtyard
crash vi 从上往下掉，摔碎
smash vt 敲击
knock v 敲击
explode v 爆炸
struck v 撞击
11....he||||||...
glance at（漫不经心的）扫视
look quickly at迅速地看
had a glimpse of（无意识的）看
stare at 盯着看
watch 注视，密切关注
